Ancient World

Bir ed-Duwali

Bir ed-Duwali, Kh. Bir ed-Dawali or Kh. 'Awaad is an archaeological site located on the southwestern slopes of Beitunia, West Bank, just north of Giv'at Ze'ev. Founded in the Hasmonean period, likely under John Hyrcanus, it was a Jewish rural settlement of the Second Temple period, occupied through the Hellenistic and early Roman phases until its destruction in 67 CE during the First Jewish–Roman War; the site was reoccupied in the Late Roman, Byzantine, and Early Islamic periods. Excavations uncovered the remains of several houses, five Jewish ritual baths (mikva'ot), a colonnaded public building, a lever-and-weight (beam) olive press, a pottery workshop, and evidence of stone-vessel production; more than 300 bronze coins were recovered, including hoards from the revolt's second year. Approximately 1 km west of the site, an ancient cemetery serving the settlement contained the remains of 51 individuals interred in kokhim.

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See also

• ▸Economy of ancient Tamil country
• ▸Cuauhtémoc
• ▸Acra (fortress)

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